Abstract
This paper presents a metasurface-based single-layer low-profile circularly polarized (CP) antenna with the wideband operation and its multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configuration for fifth-generation (5G) communication systems. The antenna consists of a truncated corner patch and a metasurface (MS) of a 2 × 2 periodic square metallic plates. The distinguishing feature of this design is that all the radiating elements (radiator and MS) are printed on the single-layer of the dielectric substrate, which ensures the low-profile and low-cost features of the antenna while maintaining high gain and wideband characteristics. The wideband CP radiations are realized by exploiting surface-waves along the MS and its radiation mechanism is explained in detail. The single-layer antenna geometry has an overall compact size of 1.0λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> × 1.0λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> × 0.04λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> . Simulated and measured results show that the single-layer metasurface antenna has a wide 10 dB impedance bandwidth of 23.4 % (24.5 - 31 GHz) (23.4 %) and overlapping 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 16.8 % (25 - 29.6 GHz). The antenna also offers stable radiation patterns with a high radiation efficiency (>95%) and a flat gain of 11 dBic. Moreover, a 4-port (2 × 2) MIMO antenna is designed using the proposed design by placing each element perpendicular to each other. Without a dedicated decoupling structure, the MIMO antenna shows an excellent diversity performance in terms of isolation between antenna elements, envelope correlation coefficient, and channel capacity loss. Most importantly, the operational bandwidth of the antenna covers the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band (25 - 29.5 GHz) assigned for 5G communication. These features of the proposed antenna system make it a suitable candidate for 5G smart devices and sensors.
Highlights
The fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR) is one of the most discussed technologies nowadays
A metasurface-based wideband circularly polarized (CP) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with a single-layer configuration having low-profile and low-cost characteristics for 5G mm-wave applications is presented. Both the CP radiator and the periodic metallic plate MS are printed on the same dielectric layer to achieve the performance enhancements
The radiation mechanism of the antenna is explained in depth through reflection phase characteristics and as well as the transmission-line model
Summary
The fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR) is one of the most discussed technologies nowadays. Every radiating element is printed on a single-layer but have low gain and limited bandwidth All these studies are at microwave frequencies. CP antennas offer immunity against prominent propagation losses, interferences, and multi-path distortions in mm-wave frequencies It is evident from the literature review that a few works have been done in the design of CP MIMO antennas at the designated 5G frequency bands [48]–[50]. All radiating elements (patch and MS) are printed on a single dielectric substrate for low-profile, low-cost, and mass production suitability while maintaining high gain and wideband characteristics. The operating bandwidth of the proposed singlelayer CP MIMO antenna covers the frequency (25 – 29.5 GHz) band allocated for 5G communications with good radiation characteristics and excellent diversity performance (isolation, envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, and channel capacity losses) without a dedicated decoupling structure.
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