Abstract
Abstract The standard of care in the treatment of renal cancer has changed dramatically in recent years. This chapter highlights the major advances that have been made, with a focus on the evidence base for the use of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and mTOR inhibitors in renal cancer. The case highlights the typical presentation of metastatic renal cancer and the treatment options available. The common side effects of VEGF-targeted therapies are outlined. This chapter also summarizes current therapeutic uncertainties and challenges in the management of renal cancer, including the role and timing of palliative nephrectomy, optimal sequencing of targeted agents, and emergence of resistance to targeted therapies. The case also discusses the management of hypercalcaemia, common in many malignancies. Lastly, potential future areas for development in the field of renal cancer are discussed.
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