Metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 are metastatic and prognostic biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer.

Lei Zhou,Wenqing Song,Bo Zhu,Xiaomeng Gong,Lan Yu,Danna Wang,Shiwu Wu

doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2903-z

Lei Zhou, Wenqing Song + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-016-2903-z

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Abstract

BackgroundTumor recurrence and metastasis are the most common reason for treatment failure. Metastasis-associate in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) has been identified as a metastatic and prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer and other solid tumors. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), a marker of cancer stem cells, is also associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in many tumors. However, the prognostic value of either MACC1 or ALDH1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. In this study, we explored the relationship between MACC1 and ALDH1 expression, as well as their respective associations with clinicopathological features, to determine if either could be useful for improvement of survival prognosis in NSCLC.MethodsThe expression levels of both MACC1 and ALDH1 in 240 whole tissue sections of NSCLC were examined by immunohistochemistry. Clinical data were also collected.ResultsMACC1 and ALDH1 were significantly overexpressed in NSCLC tissues when compared to levels in normal lung tissues. Investigation of associations between MACC1 or ALDH1 protein levels with clinicopathological parameters of NSCLC revealed correlations between the expression of each with tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, and tumor node metastasis. The overall survival of patients with MACC1- or ALDH1-positive NSCLC tumors was significantly lower than that of those who were negative. Importantly, multivariate analysis suggested that positive expression of either MACC1 or ALDH1, as well as TNM stage, could be independent prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with NSCLC.ConclusionsMACC1 and ALDH1 may represent promising metastatic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as potential therapeutic targets, for NSCLC.

Highlights

Tumor recurrence and metastasis are the most common reason for treatment failure
We investigated the relationship between Metastasis-associate in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) and Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) expression in patient tumor sections as well as compared their expression with the clinicopathology and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Expression of MACC1 and ALDH1 in NSCLC, and their relationship to clinicopathology To evaluate the contributions of MACC1 and ALDH1 to NSCLC, their expression levels were assessed in both NSCLC and normal lung tissue sections using immunohistochemistry

Summary

Introduction

Tumor recurrence and metastasis are the most common reason for treatment failure. Metastasis-associate in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) has been identified as a metastatic and prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer and other solid tumors. The prognostic value of either MACC1 or ALDH1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. New lung cancer cases were estimated at 1.8 million and accounted for nearly 13 % of all new cancer cases in 2012, making it the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide [1]. It was the most frequent cause of cancer-related death. MACC1 is a critical regulator of the HGF/ MET signaling pathway It was first identified in colon cancer where it bound to the promoter of the MET gene to control its transcriptional activity [3, 4]. It has been shown to promote tumor cell migration and invasion in

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