Abstract
Endocrine glands occur in two different groups, namely those of the vertebrates, including man, and those of the invertebrates. They are missing in plants (Kaiser (5), pp 66–68). The endocrine structures in man are composed of the glands as such, and single cell clusters of endocrine-producing units such as the APUD system or neuroendocrine cells of the lung. Endocrine cell clusters or dispersed tissues are also known from invertebrates and plants beside those structures known from vertebrates. The endocrine glands in man are composed of the pineal gland, the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis), the thyroid gland, the parathyroid glands, adrenal cortex and medulla, the testes, and the ovaries. The islets of Langerhans, also known as endocrine pancreas, are cell units dispersed among the exocrine tissue of this gland.
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