Abstract
How far can one supercool a liquid before it crystallizes? How much can onestretch it before cavitation occurs ? In order to answer such questions, we havestudied liquid helium, a model system. In this review, we show the limitations ofthe elementary ‘standard nucleation theory’. We then show that the existence of‘spinodal’ limits needs to be considered in the framework of ‘density functional’methods. We also briefly consider the possibility of nucleation by quantumtunnelling. The main emphasis is on cavitation and crystallization in liquidhelium, but we also mention several connections with more classical systems, inparticular water.
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