Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a highly heterogeneous disease and biomarkers are integral to predicting outcomes. In the past, cytogenetics in CLL typically utilized fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect abnormalities due to the low mitotic index of CLL hampering metaphase karyotyping. Recently, stimulation of CLL cells with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides has largely overcome this challenge. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides enhance the detection of karyotypic abnormalities in CLL by stimulating leukemic cells that normally do not proliferate in culture. Karyotyping has identified complex karyotype as a prognostic marker associated with poor outcome in CLL. Karyotyping has also uncovered novel chromosomal abnormalities including trisomies, dicentric chromosomes, and jumping translocations. CpG oligodeoxynucleotide stimulation significantly improves the ability to detect chromosomal abnormalities via karyotyping in CLL. Karyotyping has proven to be an important diagnostic tool in CLL and contributes to the discovery of novel recurrent chromosomal abnormalities.
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