Metamaterials: Optical, acoustic, elastic, heat, mass, electric, magnetic, and hydrodynamic cloaking

Abstract

Metamaterials and devices that provide cloaking functionalities have strong potential to bring fundamental scientific and engineering developments including invisibility, sound and vibration mitigation, seismic protection, thermal and mass shielding, electrical and magnetic field isolation, and fluid flow concealing. In recent years, rational material design has allowed a wide range of new cloaking devices through the design and fabrication of metamaterials and metasurfaces that control electromagnetic and mechanical waves as well as heat, mass, and fluid flow. Here we review classical and recent advances and the evolution of new concepts and strategies to design and fabricate metamaterials that provide cloaking in multiple physical fields. We analyze the discovery of new ways to cloak light and sound, heat and mass flow, electrical and magnetic fields, and fluid flow via metamaterials and metasurfaces, and discuss their emergent functional responses and applications in a broad range of physical fields.