Abstract
In recent years, the development of metamaterials and metasurfaces has drawn great attention, enabling many important practical applications. Focusing and lensing components are of extreme importance because of their significant potential practical applications in biological imaging, display, and nanolithography fabrication. Metafocusing devices using ultrathin structures (also known as metasurfaces) with superlensing performance are key building blocks for developing integrated optical components with ultrasmall dimensions. In this article, we review the metamaterial superlensing devices working in transmission mode from the perfect lens to two-dimensional metasurfaces and present their working principles. Then we summarize important practical applications of metasurfaces, such as plasmonic lithography, holography, and imaging. Different typical designs and their focusing performance are also discussed in detail.
Highlights
Surface plasmons and related devices [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23] have been thoroughly investigated due to their potentially wide applications in nanophotonics [24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38], biology [39,40,41,42,43,44,45], spectroscopy [46,47,48,49,50,51], and so on. They are capable of manipulating electromagnetic waves [52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62] at the nanometer scale to achieve all-optical integration, providing an effective way to develop smaller, faster and more efficient devices
Surface plasmon resonance is based on the oscillation of electrons formed at the metal-dielectric interface
Lensing and focusing components are widely used in many technologies, such as high-resolution imaging [66,67,68,69,70], nanolithography [71,72,73,74,75], and optical integration [76,77,78,79]
Summary
Surface plasmons and related devices [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23] have been thoroughly investigated due to their potentially wide applications in nanophotonics [24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38], biology [39,40,41,42,43,44,45], spectroscopy [46,47,48,49,50,51], and so on. Are made of two-dimensional (2D) planar structures that artificially arrange optical antennas with special electromagnetic characteristics in a certain way, which can achieve flexible regulation of amplitude, phase, polarization and other parameters of the incident light Important applications, such as holographic optics and achromatic lenses, have been triggered. We summarize their important practical applications (Section 4), such as plasmonic lithography, holography, and imaging
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