Abstract
In this paper, the influence of metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn) on plants of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was investigated in polluted sod podzolic sandy loam on layered glacial sands and calcareous deep chernozem on loamy loess soils. We propose to highlight the metals’ phytotoxicity with help of the Phyto Maximum Allowable Concentration. The Phyto Maximum Allowable Concentration is a permissible level of metals for plants in polluted soil and represents the safe degree for plants in contaminated ecosystem. The Phyto Maximum Allowable Concentration gives the possibility to estimate and to forecast the danger of metals for plants as a biological object that plays a very important role in the life of ecosystem. This approach may be applied for another metals phytotoxicity assessment for other plants.
Highlights
Metals are significant environmental pollutants, and their toxicity is a problem of increasing significance for ecological, evolutionary, nutritional and environmental reasons Nagajyoti [1]; Bieby Voijant Tangahu [2]; Mamatha [3]; Metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, cobalt and mercury are major environmental pollutants, in areas with high anthropogenic pressure
We propose to determine the Phyto Maximum Allowable Concentration by the formula: PMAC=√(C_contr*〖PhLD〗_5 ) (2)
The Phyto Maximum Allowable Concentrations were obtained for Hordeum vulgare L. for all researched metals in two soils: Cd–1.21; Cu – 7.60; Co–9.77; Zn – 30.77; Ni – 7.40; Pb – 7.48, and Cd – 1.46; Cu – 13.10; Co–13.61; Zn– 44.90; Ni – 12.69; Pb –9,20 calcareous deep chernozem on loamy loess)
Summary
Metals are significant environmental pollutants, and their toxicity is a problem of increasing significance for ecological, evolutionary, nutritional and environmental reasons Nagajyoti [1]; Bieby Voijant Tangahu [2]; Mamatha [3]; Metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, cobalt and mercury are major environmental pollutants, in areas with high anthropogenic pressure. Metal accumulation in soils and plants is of concern in agricultural production due to the adverse effects on food safety and marketability, crop growth due to phytotoxicity, and environmental health of soil organisms. Phytotoxicity is considered as a harmful influence of metal on plant growth and development Kabata Pendias [7]; Nagajyoti [1]; Satpathy[10]; Gill [11]. The setting of a safe level of toxicant for the plant is very important, because it can help to prevent and to control the negative effects of metals in the ecosystem. Determination of the metals safe level in the soil for plants can help to objectively assess state of the ecosystem and prevent the metals dangerous influence on plant Ryzhenko [15]. The Phyto Maximum Allowable Concentration (PMAC) was suggested as safe level of metal in the soil for plants
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