Abstract
Three isostructural metal-organic frameworks, (MOFs), [Fe(OH)(1,4-NDC)] (1), [Al(OH)(1,4-NDC)] (2), and [In(OH)(1,4-NDC)] (3) have been synthesized hydrothermally by using 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylate (1,4-NDC) as a linker. The MOFs were characterized using various techniques and further used as precursor materials for the synthesis of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles inserted in a carbon matrix through a simple thermal conversion method. The newly synthesized carbon materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis, powder X-ray diffraction and BET analysis. The results showed that the MOF-derived carbon composite materials maintained the morphology of the original MOF upon carbonization, and confirmed the insertion of metal/metal oxide particles in the carbon matrix.
Highlights
Metal/metal oxide nanoparticles have demonstrated distinct properties from their bulk materials and have shown promising applications in many fields such as catalysis [1], magnetism [2] and biochemistry [3]
The as-synthesized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) may contain guest H2 O molecules which are removed by heating of these MOFs to 180 ̋ C for 12 h under vacuum („10 ́3 torr); the phase purity of the bulk materials were independently confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD)
It is to be noted that the diffraction peaks of compound 1 and 3 at 8.2 ̋ showed a slight shift from the calculated PXRD of Al-1,4-NDC, which may be due to the difference in the ionic radius of the metal ions (Al3+ < Fe3+ < In3+ )
Summary
Metal/metal oxide nanoparticles have demonstrated distinct properties from their bulk materials and have shown promising applications in many fields such as catalysis [1], magnetism [2] and biochemistry [3]. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are the new types of porous hybrid functional materials that are constructed by metal ions or metal clusters and organic linkers. Because of their high porosities and tunable structural properties, they have wide functional applications in terms of catalysis [5,6], gas storage [7,8], sensors [9], biomedicine [10], and so on. Apart from the use of MOFs as crystalline porous materials, the utilization of MOFs as a precursor for metal/metal oxide nanoparticle-embedded carbon frameworks has been researched actively in recent years [11,12,13,14,15,16]. Metal and oxygen atoms are arranged periodically at the atomic level within MOF structures, the MOFs can be converted into metal/metal oxide nanoparticle-embedded carbon frameworks with a certain degree of permanent porosity, which is much useful for the aforementioned applications
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