Metal–organic frameworks as efficient materials for drug delivery: Synthesis, characterization, antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial and molecular docking investigation

Abstract

Metal–organic framework (MOF) nano particles are a class of promising porous nano materials for biomedical applications. Owing to its high loading potential and pH‐sensitive degradation, most promising of the MOFs is the zeolitic imidazolate crystal framework (ZIF‐8), a progressive useful material for small molecule distribution. Doxorubicin (DOX), designated as a classical drug, was jobwise entrapped in ZIF‐8 nano particles. ZIF‐8 nano particles, as a novel carrier, were used to monitor the release of the anticancer drug DOX and prevent it from dissipating before reaching its goal. ZIF‐8 nano particles with encapsulated DOX (DOX@ZIF‐8) can be synthesized in a single pot by incorporation of DOX into the reaction mixture. MOFs and the designed drug delivery (DOX@ZIF‐8) system were characterized by Fourier transfer infrared, scanning electron microscopy, N2sorption isotherm and X‐ray diffraction. The impact of MOFs and the engineered drug delivery system on the viability of human breast and liver cancer cell lines was evaluated. The loaded drug was released at pH 5 faster than at pH 7.4. The nano particles of ZIF‐8 showed low cytotoxicity, while DOX@ZIF‐8 showed high cytotoxicity to HepG‐2 and MCF‐7 cells compared with free DOX at the equivalent concentration of DOX of >12.5 μg/ml. These findings indicate that DOX@ZIF‐8 nano particles are a promising method for the delivery of cancer cells to drugs. Furthermore, ZIF‐8, DOX and encapsulated DOX@ZIF‐8 compounds were screened for their potential antibacterial activities against pathogenic bacteria compared with standard antibiotics by the agar well diffusion technique. The results demonstrate that the DOX@ZIF‐8 exhibits a strong inhibition zone against Gram‐negative strains (Escherichia coli) in comparison with the reference drug gentamycin. The docking active site interactions were evaluated to predict the binding between DOX with the receptor of breast cancer 3hb5‐oxidoreductase and liver cancer 2h80‐lipid binding protein for anticancer activity.