Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a fascinating class of porous crystalline materials constructed by organic ligands and inorganic connectors. Owing to their noteworthy catalytic chemistry, and matching or compatible coordination with numerous materials, MOFs offer potential applications in diverse fields such as catalysis, proton conduction, gas storage, drug delivery, sensing, separation and other related biotechnological and biomedical applications. Moreover, their designable structural topologies, high surface area, ultrahigh porosity, and tunable functionalities all make them excellent materials of interests for nanoscale applications. Herein, an effort has been to summarize the current advancement of MOF-based materials (i.e., pristine MOFs, MOF derivatives, or MOF composites) for electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and biocatalysis. In the first part, we discussed the electrocatalytic behavior of various MOFs, such as oxidation and reduction candidates for different types of chemical reactions. The second section emphasizes on the photocatalytic performance of various MOFs as potential candidates for light-driven reactions, including photocatalytic degradation of various contaminants, CO2 reduction, and water splitting. Applications of MOFs-based porous materials in the biomedical sector, such as drug delivery, sensing and biosensing, antibacterial agents, and biomimetic systems for various biological species is discussed in the third part. Finally, the concluding points, challenges, and future prospects regarding MOFs or MOF-based materials for catalytic applications are also highlighted.
Highlights
From the last several years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with their unique catalytic functionalities have emerged as an attractive class of crystalline materials on the interface of material science and coordination chemistry [1,2]
The hierarchically porous CdS was attained by removing the MOF, and the obtained material displayed a brilliant production of H2 photocatalytically
Ethanol produced by the sugar cane industry can be used as automotive fuel either in anhydrous form or as hydrated ethyl alcohol fuel (HEAF)
Summary
From the last several years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with their unique catalytic functionalities have emerged as an attractive class of crystalline materials on the interface of material science and coordination chemistry [1,2] They are the self-assembled organic-inorganic hybrid units having polynuclear secondary building units (SBUs) or metal nodes, which form a porous and periodic framework. Four well-established methodologies are being used to develop functional sites in the MOF architecture such as organic ligands, the introduction of various guest components, both metal clusters and organic ligands, and constructing an array with functional sites which include guest molecules with another functional site [10,11,12,13,14]. The conclusions, challenges, and future prospects regarding MOFs or MOF-based materials for catalytic applications are highlighted
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