Abstract
BackgroundEarly diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still difficult. Screening of plasma biomarkers has great significance of optimizing diagnosis and predicting the complications of T2DM.MethodsWe used a special diet, Purina #5008, to induce diabetes in Zucker leptin receptor gene-deficient rats (fa/fa) to establish Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, simulating the early stage of T2DM. The differentially expressed proteins (DEP) and lipids (DEL), as potential biomarkers, were screened to compare the plasma expression levels in ZDF rats and their basic diet-fed wild-type controls (fa/+) by Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsThese two groups had different plasma proteins and lipids profiles consisting of 84 DEPs and, 179 DELs identified in the positive ion mode and 178 DELs in the negative ion mode, respectively. Enrichment analysis of these different indicators showed that oxidative stress, insulin resistance and metabolic disorders of glycan and lipid played an important role in generating the difference. Some markers can be used as candidate biomarkers in prediction and treatments of T2DM, such as ceruloplasmin, apolipoprotein C-I, apolipoprotein C-II and apolipoprotein C-IV.ConclusionThese plasma differences help to optimize the diagnosis and predict the complications of T2DM, although this remains to be verified in the crowd. Trace elements related-metalloproteins, such as ceruloplasmin, and lipid metabolism and transport-related apolipoprotein C are expected to be candidate biomarkers of T2DM and should be given more attention.
Highlights
Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still difficult
In preliminaries screening of plasma differentially expressed proteins (DEP) and lipids (DEL) in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, this study provides an important reference for screening and verification of T2DM plasma biomarkers in the crowd
Screening of DEPs and their enrichment analysis We identified a total of 697 proteins (Fig. 2a)
Summary
Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still difficult. Screening of plasma biomarkers has great significance of optimizing diagnosis and predicting the complications of T2DM. One of the leading causes of death in the world, is a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose. Based on the investigation from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Atlas, about 425 million adults worldwide aged 20–79 years are affected by diabetes in 2017 [1]. Most of the diabetics (90–95%) suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) could benefit directly from early diagnosis and treatments [2]. The conventional methods based on blood glucose testing need to be improved or supplemented with other diagnostic methods. With the obese population and the prevalence of T2DM growing rapidly [3,4,5,6], the necessity for prompt diagnosis or prediction of T2DM becomes more urgent
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