Abstract
The first remarkable property associated to metallophthalocyanines (MPcs) was their chemical “inertness”, which made and make them very attractive as stable and durable industrial dyes. Nevertheless, their rich redox chemistry was also explored in the last decades, making available a solid and detailed knowledge background for further studies on the suitability of MPcs as redox catalysts. An overlook of MPcs and their catalytic activity with dioxygen as oxidants will be discussed here with a special emphasis on the last decade. The mini-review begins with a short introduction to phthalocyanines, from their structure to their main features, going then through the redox chemistry of metallophthalocyanines and their catalytic activity in aerobic oxidation reactions. The most significant systems described in the literature comprise the oxidation of organosulfur compounds such as thiols and thiophenes, the functionalization of alkyl arenes, alcohols, olefins, among other substrates.
Highlights
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After the casual discovery of phthalocyanines (Pcs) at the beginning of the 20th century [1], these macrocycles have been the subject of deep studies, mainly focused on their valuable dye properties [2]
The Q bands of Pcs arise from a1u to eg transitions, whereas in porphyrins the corresponding bands are due to a2u to eg transitions [9]
Summary
After the casual discovery of phthalocyanines (Pcs) at the beginning of the 20th century [1], these macrocycles have been the subject of deep studies, mainly focused on their valuable dye properties [2]. Thermal stability is paralleled by a noticeable chemical stability that is better defined as inertness for many Pcs and MPcs. The four condensed benzene rings present in the isoindole units could undergo a number of electrophilic aromatic substitutions; a complex mixture of isomers, varying both in substitution degree and substituent positions, are usually formed, that. Thermal stability is paralleled by a noticeable chemical stability that is better defined as inertness for many Pcs and MPcs. The four condensed benzene rings present in the isoindole units could undergo a number of electrophilic aromatic substitutions; a complex mixture of isomers, varying both in substitution degree and substituent positions, are usually formed, that could find application in industrial dyeing, whereas they are very tedious—if not impossible—to separate and purify for research purposes. MPcs solutions in concentrated H2SO4 are useful for spectroscopic measurements as they contain protonated monomeric species, their usefulness to determine other properties or find practical applications is negligible
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