Abstract

UV spectra of mercurimethanes (CH 4- n (HgX) n (1 ⩽ n ⩽ 4; X = Cl, Br, I, CN and SCN) in solutions and as solids are discussed. In methanol, the absorption bands of the compounds (X = Cl, Br, I and SCN) shift to lower energies with increasing n . These bands are assigned to intramolecular charge-transfer (CT) transitions from non-bonding X-centred HOMOs to polycentric LUMOs between the mercury atoms. In dimethyl sulfoxide, absorptions, which are independent of the kind of the mercurimethane, at about 250 nm are ascribed to intermolecular CT transitions from the solvent to mercurimethane. For X = CN (in methanol) bands are found near 200 nm, almost constant in position, but with strongly n -dependent molar absorption coefficients; for these, transitions from σ(Hg-CH 4- n ) or σ(Hg-CN) HOMOs to the polycentric LUMOs are suggested. Bathochromic shifts and broadening of the bands of the solids are explained by the influences exerted on the intramolecular CT transitions by intermolecular donor-acceptor interactions. UV-Spektren von Mercurimethanen CH 4- n (HgX) n (1 ⩽ n ⩽ 4; X = Cl, Br, I, CN and SCN) in Lösung and als Festkörper werden diskutiert. In Methanol wandern die Absorptionsbanden der Verbindungen (X = Cl, Br, I and SCN) mit wachsendem n zu niedrigeren Energien. Die Banden werden intramolekularen Charge-Transfer-(CT)-Übergängen aus nichtbindenden, X-zentrierten HOMOs in polyzentrische LUMOs zwischen den Quecksilber-Atomen zugeordnet. In Dimethylsulfoxid treten unabhängig von der Art des Mercurimethans Absorptionen um 250 nm auf, die intermolekularen CT-übergängen Solvens→Mercurimethan zugeschrieben werden. Für X = CN (in Methanol) finden sich Banden fast legekonstant, aber mit stark n -abhängigen molaren Absorptionskoeffizienten, nahe 200 nm; hierfür werden übergänge aus σ(H g -CH 4- n )- oder σ(Hg-CN)-HOMOs in die polyzentrischen LUMOs vorgeschlagen. Bathochrome Verschiebungen und Verbreiterungen der Banden der Festkörper werden mit Beeinflussungen der intramolekularen CT-Übergänge durch intermolekulare Donor-Akzeptor-Wechselwirkungen begründet.

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