Abstract
Summary In each of four experiments, a plate of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) was perforated by a copper jet from a shaped charge warhead. Optical and scanning electron microscopy were performed on RHA specimens prepared from a remaining perforated target plate and from various recovered fragments. In the remaining plate, white-etched (in 2 pct nital) adiabatic shear bands were found to emanate from the hole wall and enter the interior. These blended into dark-etched bands of concentrated shear. Some cracks were found to enter from the hole wall and run along a shear band. Tips of these cracks were planar, suggesting brittle cleavage. A crack not associated with a shear band was formed by the coalescence of ductile voids. Recovered fragments were bounded by white-etched adiabatic shear bands. Shear bands also entered interiors of fragments, where they sometimes meandered and bifurcated. One fragment exhibited a dendritic pattern, possibly indicative of melting. Microhardness measurements were obtained in the dendritic region, a nearby white-etched band, and the martensitic matrix. A mechanism coupling local reductions in spall strength to the presence of adiabatic shear banding is proposed.
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