Metallic stents for gastric outlet obstruction: reintervention rate is lower with uncovered versus covered stents, despite similar outcomes

Abstract

Self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) are widely used for palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). A common complication of their use, however, is stent obstruction caused by tumor ingrowth or hyperplasia. The covered SEMS was designed to prevent these problems. We compared the performance of uncovered and covered SEMSs in patients with GOO. A retrospective study, single center. A tertiary-referral center. Sixty patients with symptomatic malignant GOO. All patients received an uncovered or covered knitted nitinol stent by using the over-the-wire placement procedure. Comparison of the clinical outcome, complications, and the reintervention rate between uncovered and covered stents. Thirty-one patients (mean [+/-SEM] age 72.2 +/- 2.1 years; 16 men) received uncovered SEMSs, and 29 (mean [+/-SEM] age 70.6 +/- 1.7 years; 17 men) received covered SEMSs. The technical success rate was 100% in both groups. No difference in clinical success was seen (90.3% uncovered group vs 86.2% covered group). Regarding early complications (<1 week), one mild case of pancreatitis from the stent covering the papilla occurred in each group. Late complications included reobstruction, migration, bleeding, stent fracture, and perforation. The occurrence of reobstruction did not differ between the 2 groups (3.2% uncovered group vs 10.3% covered group). No difference in migration (0% uncovered group vs 6.9% covered group) was seen. The uncovered group required less frequent reinterventions for stent reobstruction, migration, or stent fracture (3.2% uncovered group vs 20.7% covered group, P = .0490). The uncovered group had 2 major late complications: bleeding and perforation. All 60 patients died, with a median survival time of 51 days and 62 days, respectively. Small-sized, single-center, retrospective study. In palliation for malignant GOO, covered stents were associated with a more frequent need for reintervention than uncovered stents, despite similar outcomes and complications. These results require confirmation in a larger randomized comparison.