Abstract
Recent therapeutic strategies to suppress restenosis after biliary stent placement are insufficient. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of a self-expandable metal stent (SEMS), a stent mesh coated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), for suppression of both stent-induced tissue hyperplasia and biliary sludge formation in the rabbit bile duct. The AgNP-coated SEMSs were prepared using a simple bio-inspired surface modification process. Then, the prepared SEMSs were successfully placed in 22 of 24 rabbits. Sludge formation in the AgNP-coated SEMS groups was significantly decreased compared to the control group on gross findings. Cholangiographic and histologic examinations demonstrated significantly decreased tissue hyperplasia in the AgNP-coated SEMS groups compared with the control group (p < 0.05 for all). There were no differences between the AgNP-coated SEMS groups (p > 0.05 for all). However, in the group coated with the greatest concentration of AgNPs (Group D), submucosal fibrosis was thicker than in the other AgNP-coated groups (p < 0.05 for all). The AgNP-coated metallic stent mesh significantly suppressed stent-induced tissue hyperplasia and biliary sludge formation in the rabbit bile duct. Taken together, the AgNP coating strategy developed in this study could be widely utilized in non-vascular medical devices for anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory responses.
Highlights
Self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement is a widely adopted treatment for palliation of a
The mean percentage of granulation tissue area of the stented rat bile duct on histological examination at 4 weeks after stent placement was expected to be around 50%, with a standard deviation of 10% based on the results of our pilot study
The PDA layer was first coated onto the self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) surface, and Ag nanoparticle (AgNP) were grown on the PDA
Summary
Self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement is a widely adopted treatment for palliation of a. SEMSs are susceptible to stent re-obstruction by tissue hyperplasia and/or a malignant biliary obstruction that improves patients’ quality of life and relieves symptoms of tumor ingrowth or overgrowth because of mechanical stress on the adjacent tissue caused by the jaundice [1,2,3,4]. Tissue growth through the stent critical cause of SEMS re-obstruction is biliary sludge, which is induced by a bacterial biofilm on the mesh is the main obstacle to successful SEMS removal for exchange purposes [6]. Another critical stent meshes [6,7]. Schematic illustration of the preparation process for a silver (Ag) nanoparticle (AgNP)self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS). First coating a SEMS with polydopamine (PDA) and growing AgNPs
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