Abstract
Among magnetoelectric (ME) heterostructures, ME laminates of the type Metglas-like/PVDF (magnetostrictive+piezoelectric constituents) have shown the highest induced ME voltages, usually detected at the magnetoelastic resonance of the magnetostrictive constituent. This ME coupling happens because of the high cross-correlation coupling between magnetostrictive and piezoelectric material, and is usually associated with a promising application scenario for sensors or actuators. In this work we detail the basis of the operation of such devices, as well as some arising questions (as size effects) concerning their best performance. Also, some examples of their use as very sensitive magnetic fields sensors or innovative energy harvesting devices will be reviewed. At the end, the challenges, future perspectives and technical difficulties that will determine the success of ME composites for sensor applications are discussed.
Highlights
The magnetoelectric (ME) effect is defined as the electrical field induced under the application of a magnetic field, or vice versa, as the magnetic induction under the application of an electrical field
New combinations of magnetostrictive/piezoelectric layers were needed; in response, by using high permeability magnetostrictive materials such as iron-based Metglas alloys epoxied to poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) piezoelectric polymer [7], signals as high as 7.2 V/cm·Oe at low frequency and 310 V/cm·Oe at the electromechanical resonance of the composite, were obtained
This electromechanical resonance takes place when a mechanical resonant response is excited through the magnetostrictive effect of the magnetic constituent of the laminate, or what is equivalent at its corresponding magnetoelastic resonance (MER) frequency
Summary
The magnetoelectric (ME) effect is defined as the electrical field (or voltage) induced under the application of a magnetic field (direct ME effect), or vice versa, as the magnetic induction under the application of an electrical field (inverse ME effect). New combinations of magnetostrictive/piezoelectric layers were needed; in response, by using high permeability magnetostrictive materials such as iron-based Metglas alloys epoxied to poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) piezoelectric polymer [7], signals as high as 7.2 V/cm·Oe at low (sub-resonant) frequency and 310 V/cm·Oe at the electromechanical resonance of the composite, were obtained. This electromechanical resonance takes place when a mechanical resonant response is excited through the magnetostrictive effect of the magnetic constituent of the laminate, or what is equivalent at its corresponding magnetoelastic resonance (MER) frequency.
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