Abstract
New sorbents for efficient sorption of radioiodine and radiocesium from the vapor-gas phase and aqueous solutions were prepared by treatment of Cu+- and Ag+-substituted NaX and NaA zeolites with acetylene in aqueous solution. The distribution factor Kd of radioiodine and radiocesium between the modified sorbents and aqueous solutions is higher than 103-104 ml g-1. Decontamination factor of the vapor-gas phase with respect to radioiodine and 137CsI aerosols exceeds 102-103 and 103, respectively. The sorption properties of the modified sorbents in both aqueous solutions and the vapor-gas phase are better than those of the initial sorbents. However, localization of radioiodine from the vapor-gas phase with the Cu+-containing sorbents is less efficient than with the Ag+-containing zeolites. At the same time, in aqueous solutions the sorption capacity of the Cu+-containing sorbents for radioiodine is appreciably higher than that of the Ag+-containing sorbents. The sorption properties of the modified sorbents were studied as influenced by various factors. Paracomplexes of univalent copper and silver with C2H2, H2O, and anions present in the solution are probably formed during modification of the metal-containing zeolites. The dependence of Kd of radioiodine on the metal concentration in the sorbent, the free pore volume of the sorbent, and the anion nature was revealed.
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