Abstract
Virus infection is one of the threats to the health of organisms, and finding suitable antiviral agents is one of the main tasks of current researchers. Metal ions participate in multiple key reaction stages of organisms and maintain the important homeostasis of organisms. The application of synthetic metal-based nanomaterials as an antiviral therapy is a promising new research direction. Based on the application of synthetic metal-based nanomaterials in antiviral therapy, we summarize the research progress of metal-based nanomaterials in recent years. This review analyzes the three inhibition pathways of metal nanomaterials as antiviral therapeutic materials against viral infections, including direct inactivation, inhibition of virus adsorption and entry, and intracellular virus suppression; it further classifies and summarizes them according to their inhibition mechanisms. In addition, the use of metal nanomaterials as antiviral drug carriers and vaccine adjuvants is summarized. The analysis clarifies the antiviral mechanism of metal nanomaterials and broadens the application in the field of antiviral therapy.
Highlights
Virus infection has always been a threat to human and animal health
This review focuses onfocuses metal nanomaterials nomaterials comparing research progress in in related in recent decades by comparingbyresearch progress in related fields recentfields decades
The spread of viruses such as SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 as well as influenza viruses poses a huge threat to human health
Summary
Virus infection has always been a threat to human and animal health. Typical viruses include hepatitis B virus [1], influenza virus [2], human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [3], and coronavirus [4], etc., which can cause severe disease. They can damage the biofilm and kill the bactethe surface of the virus has a biofilm, these metal-based nanomaterials can be used ria. Since the surface of the virus has a biofilm, these metal-based nanomaterials can for the direct inactivation of the virus. Mazurkova explored the antiviral properties of TiO2 under sunlight and ultraviolet rays It was observed by scanning electron microscopy that the material adsorbed to the surface of the virus envelope in the early stage, and destroyed it, thereby inactivating the virus. Compared with some metal-based nanomaterials that use light to produce ROS to inactivate viruses, the mutual combination of metal ions and protein molecules can often change the protein conformation, causing irreversible damage to the effect of inhibiting virus infection. The author shows that WC tends to reunite, which can encapsulate virus particles, thereby destroying the nucleic acid of the virus and inactivating the virus [29]
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