Abstract

Refractories. It is necessary first to discuss briefly the heat-resisting or refractory materials used in furnace construction, which are of considerable importance. They are mainly natural minerals in a fairly pure state, namely, fireclay (essentially kaolinite (A1203.2SiO2.2H2O) with excess silica or alumina), silica (in various forms), alumina, calcined magnesite and dolomite, chromite (Cr2O3. FeO) and graphite; although some are prepared synthetically, such as graphite, cokes, and silicon carbide which is made from coke and sand in electric furnaces. In certain instances metals are used.

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