Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) was combined with immediate microfiltration as direct filtration electrocoagulation (DFEC) for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal in drinking water from synthetic and natural highly natural organic matter (NOM) impacted waters from three different sources: Suwannee River (Georgia, USA DOC0=13.79mg/L), Nordic Reservoir (Vallsjøen, Norway DOC0=9.03mg/L), and a natural source (Lost Lagoon, Vancouver, Canada DOC0=13.31mg/L). Three anode materials were investigated: iron, aluminum, and zinc, in a batch EC process without rapid mixing, flocculation, or settling. Fifteen seconds of process time with the iron electrode (36mg Fe/L) led to DOC removal of 44%. After 1min of process time, DOC reduction was 65% (zinc)–73 (iron)%, with ∼ 85% reduction (all metals) in UV-abs-254 (UV-abs-254 final=0.06cm−1) for Suwannee NOM. Specific UV absorbance (SUVA—L/mgm) values decreased from 3.1 to 4.2 to under 2.0, indicating removal of high MW fractions of NOM. High performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) fractionation supported SUVA results, showing reductions from 76% of DOC>1450Da to approximately 40% after EC for all metals and Suwannee NOM. EC performed equally well for two different initial DOC concentrations of 13.79 and 21.59mg/L DOC, showing 75% DOC and 89% UV-abs-254 reductions.
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