Metal transportation mechanism by rainfall runoff as a contribution to the bioaccumulation in seafood.

Abstract

Trace metal transport mechanism via rainfall runoff from soil to the water body in the context of the bioaccumulation in seafood was unprecedentedly investigated. Instead of a conventional simulation experiment at a laboratory, the twelve soil sampling sites were selected in the region (Windar Valley, Balochistan-Pakistan) reported with high trace metal content, and Threadfin Sea Catfish and Belanger's Croaker were caught from the adjacent coastal water body. The Pb, Cd, Ni, and Zn in soil samples were high in proportion; the average concentrations were 2793.8, 622.44, 331.33, and 440 in mg kg-1, respectively, as per expectations. Using ArcGIS, the soil sample results were extensively illustrated by the spatial distribution in the sampling regions. The Zn > Pb > Ni > Cd was found in pre- and post-rainfall fish flesh samples. Trace metals were higher in post-rain fish flesh samples than pre-rainfall samples, indicating that rainwater runoff could be the significant source for trace metal transport except for Zn. The Pb, Cd, Ni, and Zn elevated results were 0.80828 ± 0.17752, 0.12102 ± 0.03027, 0.71064 ± 0.24188, and 6.49223 ± 3.65094 in mg kg-1, respectively, in post-rainfall fish flesh samples. Appling chemometric tools revealed that Zn content depends on Zn-protein interaction, and Pb, Cd, and Ni contents significantly pertain to the rainwater runoff. Other probable transport routes for trace metals to the water body could be less responsible. The soil sampling region's NOAA HYSPLIT backward air trajectory showed that the air direction was mostly from ocean to land.