Metal transfer in underwater flux-cored wire wet welding at shallow water depth

Abstract

The metal transfer process of underwater flux-cored wire wet welding is successfully observed by an X-ray transmission method. The relatively large retention forces acting on the droplet induced by the electromagnetic force, vaporization force, surface tension resultant force and gas flow drag force make the transfer mode as a combination of globular repelled transfer mode and short circuit transfer mode with the average transfer frequency of 4.3Hz with arc voltage of 24V and welding current of 240A.