METAL: The Metal Evolution, Transport, and Abundance in the Large Magellanic Cloud Hubble Program. I. Overview and Initial Results

Abstract

Abstract Metal Evolution, Transport, and Abundance in the LMC (METAL) is a large Cycle 24 program on the Hubble Space Telescope aimed at measuring dust extinction properties and interstellar depletions in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) at half-solar metallicity. The 101-orbit program is composed of Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph spectroscopy toward 33 LMC massive stars between 1150 and 3180 Å and parallel Wide Field Camera 3 imaging in seven near-UV to near-IR filters. The fraction of silicon in the gas phase (depletion) obtained from the spectroscopy decreases with increasing hydrogen column density. Depletion patterns for silicon differ between the Milky Way, LMC, and SMC, with the silicon depletion level offsetting almost exactly the metallicity differences, leading to constant gas-phase abundances in those galaxies for a given hydrogen column density. The silicon depletion correlates linearly with the absolute-to-selective extinction, R V , indicating a link between gas depletion and dust grain size. Extinction maps are derived from the resolved stellar photometry in the parallel imaging, which can be compared to far-IR images from Herschel and Spitzer to estimate the emissivity of dust at LMC metallicity. The full METAL sample of depletions, UV extinction curves, and extinction maps will inform the abundance, size, composition, and optical properties of dust grains in the LMC, comprehensively improve our understanding of dust properties, and improve the accuracy with which dust-based gas masses, star formation rates, and star formation histories in nearby and high-redshift galaxies are estimated. This overview paper describes the goals, design, data reduction, and initial results of the METAL survey.