Abstract
The phytosorption potential of metals of Hydrocotyle ranunculoides was evaluated for the mitigation of water pollution in the high Andean wetlands of Peru. The plants were selected from 10 wetland sites in the community of Pomachaca- Tarma and were washed with potable water, dried, ground, weighed, chemically digested and read with Varian AA 240 atomic absorption equipment. The plant showed copper concentrations in the root (12.08 ± 1.67 mg/kg) greater than the stem (7.37 ± 1.00 mg/kg), followed by the leaves (7.37 ± 1.56 mg/kg). Lead concentration in the root was 0.228 ± 0.711 mg/kg, but was not found in the stem or leaves. The highest zinc concentration was in the root (67.52 ± 12.57 mg/kg) to the stem (53.30 ± 0.61 mg/kg), followed by the leaves (43.99 ± 8.49 mg/kg). Finally, iron was higher in the root (5571.28 ± 693.94 mg/kg) than in the leaves (342.76 ±122.09 mg/kg), followed by the stem (291.94 ± 54.84 mg/kg). Surrounding water had pH between 7.2 and 7.6; no copper and lead were found, zinc was 0.005 ± 0.012 mg/L and iron was 0.009± 0.007 mg/L. In the sediment, copper was 26.12 ± 0.65 mg/kg, lead 28.25 ± 2.41 mg/kg, zinc 85.98 ± 11.38 mg/kg and iron 26111.89 ± 614.37 mg/kg. These results indicate that this plant absorbs metals in the order of Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb and is an alternative for the development of phytotechnology, oriented to the treatment of effluents with metals that contaminate water in wetlands.
Highlights
The pollution of the aquatic environment by potentially toxic contaminants has been of concern to humans for the last few decades (Mimba et al, 2018)
For matrix correlations of element concentrations that bioaccumulate from the sediment to the stem, the loads for the first two coordinates of the redundancy analysis are lower
H. ranunculoides showed phytoabsorbing potential for Cu, Zn and Fe concentrations in its root, stem and leaves, which exceed the concentrations in plants in normal conditions
Summary
The pollution of the aquatic environment by potentially toxic contaminants has been of concern to humans for the last few decades (Mimba et al, 2018). The importance of the environmental problem in modern society is the pollution of water by heavy metals that enter aquatic ecosystems through the discharge of wastewater from industrial, urban and agricultural runoff (Nazeer et al, 2014). Natural decomposition processes do not remove heavy metals. They can accumulate in aquatic biota and develop into organic complexes, which can potentially become more toxic (Mazej and Germen, 2009). Aquatic macrophytes are predominant organisms in lake ecosystems that, in comparison with other plant species, can absorb metals through their roots as well as through their leaves (Twardowska and Kyziol, 2003; Lojko et al.,2015). Hydrocotyle ranunculoides, as well as the cattail (Scirpus californicus) in the study area, serves as animal feed
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