Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have unlocked exclusive and relevant capabilities that are being applied to develop new dental restorative materials. Metal oxide nanoparticles and nanotubes perform functions relevant to a range of dental purposes beyond the traditional role of filler reinforcement—they can release ions from their inorganic compounds damaging oral pathogens, deliver calcium phosphate compounds, provide contrast during imaging, protect dental tissues during a bacterial acid attack, and improve the mineral content of the bonding interface. These capabilities make metal oxide nanoparticles and nanotubes useful for dental adhesives and composites, as these materials are the most used restorative materials in daily dental practice for tooth restorations. Secondary caries and material fractures have been recognized as the most common routes for the failure of composite restorations and bonding interface in the clinical setting. This review covers the significant capabilities of metal oxide nanoparticles and nanotubes incorporated into dental adhesives and composites, focusing on the novel benefits of antibacterial properties and how they relate to their translational applications in restorative dentistry. We pay close attention to how the development of contemporary antibacterial dental materials requires extensive interdisciplinary collaboration to accomplish particular and complex biological tasks to tackle secondary caries. We complement our discussion of dental adhesives and composites containing metal oxide nanoparticles and nanotubes with considerations needed for clinical application. We anticipate that readers will gain a complete picture of the expansive possibilities of using metal oxide nanoparticles and nanotubes to develop new dental materials and inspire further interdisciplinary development in this area.
Highlights
Introduction distributed under the terms andDental caries has been classified as the most common oral disease as it affects around60–90% of adolescents and 100% of grownups around the world [1,2]
The inherent composition of dental adhesives and composites has a high affinity for dental plaque accumulation, leading to the recurrence of cavitation after the tooth has been restored with these materials [4]
Clinical photos common pathways for for the the failure of resin-based materials, secondary caries caries (A) and restoration fracture (B). (A) The arrow in the photo shows the lesion’s location at the tooth-restoration (A) and restoration fracture (B). (A) The arrow in the photo shows the lesion’s location at the tooth-restoration interface interface presented by yellow to brown discoloration. (B) The arrow in the photo shows the fracture location at the proxipresented by yellow to brown discoloration. (B) The arrow in the photo shows the fracture location at the proximal wall of mal wall of the tooth structure, most probably due to the high mechanical load induced by the masticatory force
Summary
Clinical photos common pathways for for the the failure of resin-based materials, secondary caries caries (A) and restoration fracture (B). (A) The arrow in the photo shows the lesion’s location at the tooth-restoration (A) and restoration fracture (B). (A) The arrow in the photo shows the lesion’s location at the tooth-restoration interface interface presented by yellow to brown discoloration. (B) The arrow in the photo shows the fracture location at the proxipresented by yellow to brown discoloration. (B) The arrow in the photo shows the fracture location at the proximal wall of mal wall of the tooth structure, most probably due to the high mechanical load induced by the masticatory force. Clinical photos common pathways for for the the failure of resin-based materials, secondary caries caries (A) and restoration fracture (B). The tooth structure, most probably due to the high mechanical load induced by the masticatory force
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