Metal oxide coated cathode materials for Li ion batteries – A review

Abstract

The primary power sources for movable electronic devices and vehicles are mostly based on lithium-ion batteries in the recent decays. Conversely, they suffer from restrictions for their use in electric resources of transportation and other high-level applications. Extended application of lithium-ion batteries needs the fabrication of novel electrode materials with outstanding electrochemical performances, which, to a great extent, depends on the electrode materials. The efficiency of the electrode materials have been improved by doping and coating to improve the performance of an anode or cathode materials in Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Elemental doping and coatings have modified by most of the commonly used electrode materials, which are used either as anode or cathode materials. This has led to the high diffusivity of Li-ions, ionic mobility and conductivity apart from specific capacity. Most of the newly stated electrode materials have been identified as to provide an enhanced performance by several parameters such as specific capacity, specific energy cyclic stability and charge/discharge rate. Cathode materials stock energy through intercalation or conversion reactions, even though the energy storage process in anode materials are intercalation, conversion reactions or alloying/dealloying. Therefore, the existing situation of electrode materials of Li-ion batteries can be extremely promising in enhancing the battery performance making it more efficient than before. Based on the electrode material, one or more of the above-mentioned mechanisms may take place which directly affects the battery performance. In this review, we have reported the performance of the existing metal oxide coated cathode materials in LIB applications and the way to improve the performance of the LIBs with new cathode using Ni-rich, Li–rich layered and self-supported porous materials as a cathode material with three-dimensional nanoarchitecture.