Abstract
One of the great challenges facing the society today is replacing fossil fuels by renewable energy sources. Hydrogen from non-carbon sources is considered one of the viable potentials to help alleviate reliance upon fossil fuels for energy and addressing the environmental problems. Photoelectrochemical water splitting was brought to attention since the pioneering work in 1972. Since then, numerous metal oxide photocatalysts have been investigated to enhance the overall water splitting performance. Up to now, Bismuth vanadate, BiVO4 has emerged as the most promising photocatalyst in the construction of photoelectrochemical cell utilizing sunlight and water, the most abundant resources on earth. In this review, the principles, critical factors influencing the efficient BiVO4-based photoanode properties such as the crystal and electronic properties are discussed. Subsequently, the methods synthesis and research efforts adopted to develop efficient and active BiVO4 photoanode are presented.
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