Abstract
Cadmium is detected using an electrochemical sensor prepared by fabricating ITO substrate with metal oxide based carbon nanocomposite (SnO2, MnO2, MWCNTs and ionic liquid (IL)). The computational studies showed that the interaction of metal oxide based nanocomposites with cadmium is thermodynamically favorable (adsorption energy of −1.37 and −8.71 eV for SnO2 adsorbed cadmium and MnO2 adsorbed cadmium respectively). Metal oxide shows good conductivity and provide structural stability to the redox process at the surface. The fabricated sensor, SnO2/MWCNTs/IL/ITO and MnO2/MWCNTs/IL/ITO showed good sensitivity towards cadmium by having linearity range of 20–200 and 300–2000 ppb with a limit of detection 3.61 and 41.34 ppb respectively. The sensor showed good reproducibility and repeatability at optimized conditions. The recovery response to check the stability and resistance to interfering ions showed good results which is credited to the chemical stability and selective sites of SnO2/MWCNTs/IL and MnO2/MWCNTs/IL nanocomposite. The sensor showed good performance in real water samples analysis by showing efficient recovery through spike recovery test with a confidence interval above 95 %.
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