Abstract
MOFs exhibit inherent extraordinary features for diverse applications ranging from catalysis, storage, and optics to chemosensory and biomedical science and technology. Several procedures including solvothermal, hydrothermal, mechanochemical, electrochemical, and ultrasound techniques have been used to synthesize MOFs with tailored features. A continued attempt has also been directed towards functionalizing MOFs via “post-synthetic modification” mainly by changing linkers (by altering the type, length, functionality, and charge of the linkers) or node components within the MOF framework. Additionally, efforts are aimed towards manipulating the size and morphology of crystallite domains in the MOFs, which are aimed at enlarging their applications window. Today’s knowledge of artificial intelligence and machine learning has opened new pathways to elaborate multiple nanoporous complex MOFs and nano-MOFs (NMOFs) for advanced theranostic, clinical, imaging, and diagnostic purposes. Successful accumulation of a photosensitizer in cancerous cells was a significant step in cancer therapy. The application of MOFs as advanced materials and systems for cancer therapy is the main scope beyond this perspective. Some challenging aspects and promising features in MOF-based cancer diagnosis and cancer therapy have also been discussed.
Highlights
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Manipulation of porosity gives rise to the development of complex biomarkers for early detection of the tumor as well as visual monitoring of anticancer drug loading and release
Detection of nucleic acids and proteins and small physiological molecules is known as a route for MOF-based cancer diagnosis
Summary
Scientists are continuously seeking new types of treatments, early diagnosis, and early detection in order to combat diseases such as cancer [1,2,3]. Some challenging aspects and promising features in MOF-based cancer diagnosis and cancer therapy are discussed (Figure 1) This is an interesting field of science with progressive advancements that need much focused attention in order to make a full transition from bench to bedside; till there are limited successful case studies able to provide a phase change to clinics. This is an important aspect to diagnose the limitations and inhibiting factors regarding the use of advanced materials including MOFs for therapy for cancer progressing to clinical stages. Cancers can be diagnosed at early stages by exploring a correlation between fluorescence intensity and dosage of lysophosphatidic acid as a biomarker [15]
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