Abstract
The composition and topology of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are exceptionally tailorable; moreover, they are extremely porous and represent an excellent Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area (≈3000–6000 m2·g−1). Nanoscale MOFs (NMOFs), as cargo nanocarriers, have increasingly attracted the attention of scientists and biotechnologists during the past decade, in parallel with the evolution in the use of porous nanomaterials in biomedicine. Compared to other nanoparticle-based delivery systems, such as porous nanosilica, nanomicelles, and dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles, NMOFs are more flexible, have a higher biodegradability potential, and can be more easily functionalized to meet the required level of host–guest interactions, while preserving a larger and fully adjustable pore window in most cases. Due to these unique properties, NMOFs have the potential to carry anticancer cargos. In contrast to almost all porous materials, MOFs can be synthesized in diverse morphologies, including spherical, ellipsoidal, cubic, hexagonal, and octahedral, which facilitates the acceptance of various drugs and genes.
Highlights
metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can microstructure, be synthesized including in wider range of diverse morphologies with a controlled micontrolled spherical, ellipsoidal, cubic, hexagonal, and octahecrostructure, including spherical, ellipsoidal, cubic, hexagonal, and octahedral, which fadral, which facilitates the acceptance of various drugs and genes
Fluorescence agents and agents and dyes can be encased in MOFs for imaging, photothermal therapy (PTT), organic dyes can be encased in
MOFs, including Materials of Institute Lavoisier (MIL)-100, Zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF)-8, and University of Oslo (UiO)-66, are the most popular structures employed for direct assembly encapsulation
Summary
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are known to be extremely porous crystalline hybrid compounds (possessing a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area in the range of ≈3000−6000 m2 ·g−1 [1]), are the result of a chemical alliance between an organic unit (i.e., mono-, di-, tri-, or tetravalent ligands, known as struts or linkers) and an inorganic cluster/ion (i.e., transition or lanthanide metals). Compared to other nanoparticle-based delivery systems (such as porous nanosilica, nanomicelles, and dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles), NMOFs are more flexible, provide better biodegradability, can be more functionalized to meet the required level of host–guest interactions, and offer a wider range of pore size. As a result, they are better candidates to carry anticancer cargos. MOFs(MILs; for drug metal-based size the range of ca. MOFs, including Materials of Institute Lavoisier (MIL)-100, Zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF)-8, and University of Oslo (UiO)-66, are the most popular structures employed for direct assembly encapsulation. Examples exist of multivariate modulation strategies, which permit the loading of two or three kinds of drugs in MOFs, e.g., Zr MOF UiO-66 [14]
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