Abstract
Ultradeep desulfurization of fuels is a method of enormous demand due to the generation of harmful compounds during the burning of sulfur-containing fuels, which are a major source of environmental pollution. Among the various desulfurization methods in application, adsorptive desulfurization (ADS) has low energy demand and is feasible to be employed at ambient conditions without the addition of chemicals. The most crucial factor for ADS application is the selection of the adsorbent, and, currently, a new family of porous materials, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), has proved to be very effective towards this direction. In the current review, applications of MOFs and their functionalized composites for ADS are presented and discussed, as well as the main desulfurization mechanisms reported for the removal of thiophenic compounds by various frameworks. Prospective methods regarding the further improvement of MOF’s desulfurization capability are also suggested.
Highlights
Fossil fuels are the most commonly used source of energy all around the world; the emission of hazardous and dangerous chemical substances during their use is an important threat to the human society as well as the environment [1]
oxidative desulfurization (ODS) [13,14] and BDS [15], present advantages that ingrain on the fact that by their application, fuel sulfur is removed under ambient conditions based on the property of organic sulfur compounds to form oxidized products that can be extracted
Many metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) can act as Lewis acids due to coordinatively unsaturated metal sites (CUSs) that are able to accept a pair of electrons by forming coordination bonds with molecules having a lone pair of electrons (Lewis acid sites) [123]
Summary
Fossil fuels are the most commonly used source of energy all around the world; the emission of hazardous and dangerous chemical substances during their use is an important threat to the human society as well as the environment [1]. From 2006, new regulations in USA targeted to reduce the sulfur content of on‐road diesel fuel and gasoline from 0.5 g kg−1 and 0.35 g kg−1 to 0.015 g kg−1 and 0.03 g kg−1, respectively, targeting a maximum sulfur content limit in diesel of 0.01 g kg−1 by 2010. In spite of these regulations, the SO2 emissions will continue to increase, especially due to countries such as China that still depend on coal to fulfill their high energy demands, thereby contributing to air pollution [7,8]. In order to prevent the generation of these hazardous contaminants (SCs), exploring and developing various highly efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly methods is required
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