Abstract
Although near‐infrared (NIR)‐light‐mediated photothermal thrombolysis has been investigated to overcome the bleeding risk of clinical clot‐busting agents, the secondary embolism of post‐phototherapy fragments (>10 µm) for small vessels should not be ignored in this process. In this study, dual‐modality photothermal/photodynamic thrombolysis is explored using targeting nanoagents with an emphasis on improving biosafety as well as ameliorating the thrombolytic effect. The nanoagents can actively target glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors on thrombus to initiate site‐specific thrombolysis by hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species under NIR laser irradiation. In comparison to single photothermal thrombolysis, an 87.9% higher re‐establishment rate of dual‐modality photothermal/photodynamic thrombolysis by one‐time treatment is achieved in a lower limb thrombosis model. The dual‐modality thrombolysis can also avoid re‐embolization after breaking fibrin into tiny fragments. All the results show that this strategy is a safe and validated protocol for thrombolysis, which fits the clinical translational trend of nanomedicine.
Highlights
Thrombus associated diseases, such as ischemic stroke, acute myocardial infarchas been investigated to overcome the bleeding risk of clinical clot-busting tion, and deep vein thrombosis, remain agents, the secondary embolism of post-phototherapy fragments (>10 μm) for small vessels should not be ignored in this process
All the results show that this strategy is a safe and validated protocol for thrombolysis, which fits the clinical translational trend of nanomedicine
These studies proved that photothermal therapy (PTT) could serve as an effective therapy for thrombolysis with specific spatiotemporal selectivity and minimal invasiveness.[7]
Summary
Thrombus associated diseases, such as ischemic stroke, acute myocardial infarchas been investigated to overcome the bleeding risk of clinical clot-busting tion, and deep vein thrombosis, remain agents, the secondary embolism of post-phototherapy fragments (>10 μm) for small vessels should not be ignored in this process. Metal centers (RGD-PMCS), which can initiate the site-specific thrombolysis by hyperthermia and ROS under NIR laser irradiation.
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