Metal-organic framework-based ratiometric point-of-care testing for quantitative visual detection of nitrite

Abstract

Nitrite (NO2−) is categorized as a carcinogenic substance and is subjected to severe limitations in water and food. To safeguard the public’s health, developing fast and convenient methods for determination of NO2− is of significance. Point-of-care testing (POCT) affords demotic measurement of NO2− and shows huge potential in future technology beyond those possible with traditional methods. Here, a novel ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe (Ru@MOF-NH2) is developed by integrating UiO-66-NH2 with tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) ([Ru(bpy)3]2+) through a one-pot approach. The special diazo-reaction between the amino group of UiO-66-NH2 and NO2− is responsible for the report signal (blue emission) with high selectivity and the red emission from [Ru(bpy)3]2+ offers the reference signal. The proposed probe shows obviously distinguishable color change from blue to red towards NO2− via naked-eye. Moreover, using a smartphone as the detection device to read color hue, ultra-sensitive quantitative detection of NO2− is achieved with a low limit of detection at 0.6 μΜ. The accuracy and repeatability determined in spiked samples through quantitative visualization is in the range of 105 to 117% with a coefficient of variation below 4.3%. This POCT sensing platform presents a promising strategy for detecting NO2− and expands the potential applications for on-site monitoring in food and environment safety assessment.