Abstract
Gas separation and purification using polymeric membranes is a promising technology that constitutes an energy-efficient and eco-friendly process for large scale integration. However, pristine polymeric membranes typically suffer from the trade-off between permeability and selectivity represented by the Robeson's upper bound. Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) synthesized by the addition of porous nano-fillers into polymer matrices, can enable a simultaneous increase in selectivity and permeability. Among the various porous fillers, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are recognized in recent days as a promising filler material for the fabrication of MMMs. In this article, we review representative examples of MMMs prepared by dispersion of MOFs into polymer matrices or by deposition on the surface of polymeric membranes. Addition of MOFs into other continuous phases, such as ionic liquids, are also included. CO2 separation from hydrocarbons, H2, N2, and the like is emphasized. Hybrid fillers based on composites of MOFs with other nanomaterials, e.g., of MOF/GO, MOF/CNTs, and functionalized MOFs, are also presented and discussed. Synergetic effects and the result of interactions between filler/matrix and filler/filler are reviewed, and the impact of filler and matrix types and compositions, filler loading, surface area, porosity, pore sizes, and surface functionalities on tuning permeability are discoursed. Finally, selectivity, thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability of the resulting MMMs are analyzed. The review concludes with a perspective of up-scaling of such systems for CO2 separation, including an overview of the most promising MMM systems.
Highlights
Nowadays, large amounts of CO2 are emitted to the atmosphere associated with fossil fuel consumption to fulfill the energy demands for power generation, transportation, industry needs, and other anthropogenic activities, which are generally accepted as the leading cause of climate change and global warming
This review provides insights into the role and advantages of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as well as hybrid and functionalized MOFs in matrix membranes (MMMs) for CO2 separation
Through selected examples we analyze the advances made on MOF-based MMMs for CO2 separation
Summary
Large amounts of CO2 are emitted to the atmosphere associated with fossil fuel consumption to fulfill the energy demands for power generation, transportation, industry needs, and other anthropogenic activities, which are generally accepted as the leading cause of climate change and global warming. Numerous MOFs have been developed and studied for various applications (Furukawa et al, 2013), only a rather small portion of those as of such as HKUST-1, zeolitic imidazole frameworks (ZIFs), MILs, MOF-74, and UiO-66, have been investigated as filler for MMMs. These MOFs are ideal materials for enhancing the membrane performance due to their tunable porosity, gas selectivity and permeability, solubility and MOF loading
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