Abstract
Metal nanoparticles are capable of enhancing the destructive effect of ionizing radiation on biological
 tissue, which allows them to be used as radiosensitizers for improving the efficacy of cancer radiotherapy. The most promising nanoparticles are those with a high atomic number (Z>52), since they can
 serve both as dose-enhancing agents for contrast-enhanced radiotherapy and as contrast media for
 computed tomography. Due to the high metal content in each particle and the ability to selectively accumulate in tumor tissue, nanoscale agents can deliver more metal atoms to the tumor compared to
 low-molecular compounds. At present, only two metal nanoparticle agents (NBTXR3 and AGuIX) are
 undergoing clinical trials as radiosensitizers. However, a wide range of nanoparticles with different
 composition and structure is being extensively studied in laboratory animals. This review summarizes
 the results of in vivo studies where nanoparticles containing gold, bismuth or gadolinium were used in
 combination with external photon irradiation in order to inhibit the growth of model tumors in small
 laboratory animals.
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