Abstract
In this letter, a high-radiation-efficiency and wideband seawater antenna is proposed. A square metal patch feeding mechanism is adopted, which improves the radiation efficiency from 45%–60% to 65%–70% and maintains wideband characteristics with a $-$ 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 67.6% (448–905 MHz) of the seawater antenna. Moreover, four cylindrical metal rods surrounding the feeding probe are inserted into the seawater, which further improves the radiation efficiency from 65%–70% to 82%–90% over the whole frequency range of interest. Furthermore, measured results of the fabricated seawater antennas with and without metal-loading techniques are compared, which show a good agreement with the simulated results and validate the proposed antenna design.
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