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Abstract
Recent studies indicated that the toxicity of heavy metal ions caused a series of environmental, food, and human health problems. Chemical ionochromic sensors are crucial for detecting these toxicity ions. Incorporating organic ligands into π-conjugated polymers made them receptors for metal ions, resulting in an ionochromism phenomenon, which is promising to develop chemosensors for metal ions. This review highlights the recent advances in π-conjugated polymers with ionochromism to metal ions, which may guide rational structural design and evaluation of chemosensors.
Highlights
Π-Conjugated polymers refer to polymers in which double bonds and single bonds are alternately arranged, including π-π conjugated system, p-π conjugated system, and σ-π-conjugated system (Moon et al, 2007; Tan et al, 2009)
metal-organic frameworks” (MOFs) and metallo-supramolecular polymers will not be considered in this review because they have been reviewed a lot in recent years
We have summarized the types and characteristics of functional groups that chelating with different metal ions as well as the ionochromic effect of the π-conjugated polymers based on these functional groups
Summary
Π-Conjugated polymers refer to polymers in which double bonds (or triple bonds) and single bonds are alternately arranged, including π-π conjugated system, p-π conjugated system, and σ-π-conjugated system (Moon et al, 2007; Tan et al, 2009). Chromogenic systems are required to be responsive to external inputs, such as metal ions (ionochromism), (Cheng and Tieke, 2014) electrons (electrochromism), (Thakur et al, 2012), or light (photochromism) (Bisoyi and Li, 2016) that could be used for image production. Among these chromogenic systems, ionochromism is realized through the coordination between metal and ligand, resulting in sensitivity to metal ions, which could be used as metal sensors. The ionochromic phenomenon in the π-conjugated polymer will be introduced according to the type of ligands
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