Metal-insulator transition and local-moment collapse in negative charge transfer CaFeO3 under pressure

Abstract

We compute the electronic structure, spin and charge state of Fe ions, and the structural phase stability of paramagnetic ${\mathrm{CaFeO}}_{3}$ under pressure using a fully self-consistent in charge density $\mathrm{DFT}+$ dynamical mean-field theory method. We show that at ambient pressure ${\mathrm{CaFeO}}_{3}$ is a negative charge transfer insulator characterized by strong localization of the Fe $3d$ electrons. It crystallizes in the monoclinic $P{2}_{1}/n$ crystal structure with a cooperative breathing mode distortion of the lattice. While the Fe $3d$ Wannier occupations and local moments are consistent with robust charge disproportionation of Fe ions in the insulating $P{2}_{1}/n$ phase, the physical charge density difference around the structurally distinct Fe $A$ and Fe $B$ ions with the ``contracted'' and ``expanded'' oxygen octahedra, respectively, is rather weak, of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.04$. This implies the importance of the Fe $3d$ and O $2p$ negative charge transfer and supports the formation of a bond-disproportionated state characterized by the Fe $A 3{d}^{5\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}{\underline{L}}^{2\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ and Fe $B 3{d}^{5}$ valence configurations with $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\ll}1$, in agreement with strong hybridization between the Fe $3d$ and O $2p$ states. This complex interplay between electronic correlations, strong covalency, and lattice effects, resulting in bond disproportionation, is in many ways reminiscent of the behavior of rare-earth nickelates, $R{\mathrm{NiO}}_{3}$ $(R=\text{rare earth})$. Upon compression, ${\mathrm{CaFeO}}_{3}$ undergoes the metal-to-insulator phase transition (MIT) which is accompanied by a structural transformation into the orthorhombic $Pbnm$ phase. The phase transition is accompanied by suppression of the cooperative breathing mode distortion of the lattice and, hence, results in the melting of bond disproportionation of the Fe ions. Our analysis suggests that the MIT transition is associated with orbital-dependent delocalization of the Fe $3d$ electrons and leads to a remarkable collapse of the local magnetic moments. Our results imply the crucial importance of the interplay of electronic correlations and structural effects to explain the properties of ${\mathrm{CaFeO}}_{3}$.