Abstract
Abstract The effects of different ammonium salts on the cation extraction and mineral carbonation of waste cement were evaluated using four different ammonium salt solutions: CH 3 COONH 4 , NH 4 Cl, NH 4 NO 3 , and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . Extraction and carbonation tests were conducted using waste cement powder as the raw material under ambient temperature and pressure conditions at a solid to liquid ratio of 50 g/L with two different concentrations of ammonium salt solution (0.5 M and 1.0 M). At higher concentration (1 M), the Ca extraction efficiency (∼70%) was higher in the CH 3 COONH 4 and NH 4 NO 3 solutions, but lower in the NH 4 Cl (32%) and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 solutions (5%). The Ca selectivity (∼98%) was higher in the CH 3 COONH 4 , NH 4 NO 3 , and NH 4 Cl solutions, but lower in the (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 solution (90%). The carbonation efficiency was comparable to the extraction efficiency. The carbonation efficiency with the CH 3 COONH 4 and NH 4 NO 3 solutions was higher. Regardless of the type of ammonium salt, high purity vaterite was precipitated after CO 2 injection.
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