Abstract
Recent advances (during the 2007–2014 period) in the coordination and organometallic chemistry of compounds containing natural and artificially prepared radionuclides (actinides and technetium), are reviewed. Radioactive isotopes of naturally stable elements are not included for discussion in this work. Actinide and technetium complexes with O-, N-, N,O, N,S-, P-containing ligands, as well π-organometallics are discussed from the view point of their synthesis, properties, and main applications. On the basis of their properties, several mono-, bi-, tri-, tetra- or polydentate ligands have been designed for specific recognition of some particular radionuclides, and can be used in the processes of nuclear waste remediation, i.e., recycling of nuclear fuel and the separation of actinides and fission products from waste solutions or for analytical determination of actinides in solutions; actinide metal complexes are also usefulas catalysts forcoupling gaseous carbon monoxide, as well as antimicrobial and anti-fungi agents due to their biological activity. Radioactive labeling based on the short-lived metastable nuclide technetium-99m (99mTc) for biomedical use as heart, lung, kidney, bone, brain, liver or cancer imaging agents is also discussed. Finally, the promising applications of technetium labeling of nanomaterials, with potential applications as drug transport and delivery vehicles, radiotherapeutic agents or radiotracers for monitoring metabolic pathways, are also described.
Highlights
The actinide elements have unique physical and chemical properties related to their low-lying 7p, 6d, and 5f orbitals
The results suggest that the radiolabeled nanocapsules were more stable against label leakage in the presence of proteins and could have better performances as radiotracers in vivo
The PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique and characterized by TEM and DLS; radiolabeling with technetium was achieved with high efficiency and biodistribution indicate that the letrazole loaded nanoparticles present higher tumor uptake than usual drug delivery vehicles
Summary
The actinide elements have unique physical and chemical properties related to their low-lying 7p, 6d, and 5f orbitals. P- heterodonor atoms, have different coordination chemistry, which is largely due to the differences in size and electronic structure Given their radioactive nature and their common uses as radiotracers, fuels, catalysts or radiopharmaceuticals, it makes sense to review the recent literature on their particular preparation methods and physical and chemical characteristics. Among the natural and artificial radioactive elements (Tc, Pm, Po, Fr, Ra, Ac and actinides), coordination and organometallic compounds of only technetium and the actinide series (An) are well represented at the present time [7,8,9,10] The interest on their metal complexes has been motivated by the extended use of Tc, available in kilogram amounts, for medical and technical purposes. In the present review, dedicated to the coordination and organometallic chemistry of the actinides and Tc, we intended to present the synthetic techniques for these compounds according with the ligand nature
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