Abstract
This work indicates that glycerolized chitosan-NH4F polymer electrolytes incorporated with zinc metal complexes are crucial for EDLC application. The ionic conductivity of the plasticized system was improved drastically from 9.52 × 10−4 S/cm to 1.71 × 10−3 S/cm with the addition of a zinc metal complex. The XRD results demonstrated that the amorphous phase was enhanced for the system containing the zinc metal complex. The transference number of ions (tion) and electrons (te) were measured for two of the highest conducting electrolyte systems. It confirmed that the ions were the dominant charge carriers in both systems as tion values for CSNHG4 and CSNHG5 electrolytes were 0.976 and 0.966, respectively. From the examination of LSV, zinc improved the electrolyte electrochemical stability to 2.25 V. The achieved specific capacitance from the CV plot reveals the role of the metal complex on storage properties. The charge–discharge profile was obtained for the system incorporated with the metal complex. The obtained specific capacitance ranged from 69.7 to 77.6 F/g. The energy and power densities became stable from 7.8 to 8.5 Wh/kg and 1041.7 to 248.2 W/kg, respectively, as the EDLC finalized the cycles.
Highlights
Biopolymers are naturally abundant, low in cost, have high compatibility with solvents and are very stable in forming a film [1,2]
Today, plasticized polymer electrolytes have been widely applied in electrochemical devices, for example smart windows, fuel cells and secondary batteries
It was clearly detected that the plasticized system was nearly amorphous in structure with a small number of crystalline peaks which ascribed to the complex creation between polymer and salt rather than the pure salt of NH4 F
Summary
Biopolymers are naturally abundant, low in cost, have high compatibility with solvents and are very stable in forming a film [1,2]. The energy storage mechanism of EDLC is based on the non-faradaic process where the ions make a double layer at the interfacial region [11]. This means charge accumulation only occurs between the electrode surfaces but there is no electron transfer. Ammonium salts have been reported to be a good H+ provider to the polymer electrolytes due to their compatibility, high ionic conductivity as well as thermal stability [25]. The main objective of increasing the zinc metal complex into the chitosan-based electrolyte is to improve an amorphous phase for ion conduction.
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