Abstract
Whereas the preparation and biological properties of rambutan peel phenolics (RPP) were explored in our previous studies, the metal chelating, inhibitory DNA damage, and anti-inflammatory activities of RPP were evaluated and the important phenolics of RPP quantified in this study. Results showed that RPP had high Fe2+ and Cu2+-chelating activities with EC50 of 0.80 mg/mL and 0.13 mg/mL, respectively. RPP effectively decreased the production of hydroxyl radical with IC50 of 62.4 μg/mL. The protective effects of RPP against AAPH-induced DNA damage were also explored. RPP efficiently inhibited peroxyl radical-induced plasmid DNA strand breakage. The anti-inflammatory effects of RPP were determined using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cell model. RPP significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and controlled the levels of inducible NO synthase mRNA in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The inhibitory activity increased in a dose-dependent manner. The above bioactivity of RPP was associated with its phenolic content and phenolic profiles. Furthermore, the contents of geraniin and corilagin in RPP were determined by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadruple mass spectrometry (UPLC-QQQ-MS), showing 140.02 and 7.87 mg/g extract dry weight. Thus, RPP has potential applications as a novel nutraceutical and functional food in health promotion.
Highlights
Excess production of free radicals is one of many significant causes of oxidative damage in biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and DNA, and eventually leads to numerous degenerative diseases [1]
We quantified and semi-quantified the contents of phenolic compounds of rambutan peel phenolics (RPP) by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS2, and our study showed that RPP possessed free radical scavenging activities because of its phenolic content [11]
We evaluated the production of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression using an in inhibited levels of iNOS mRNA expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages (p < 0.05), and the vitro inflammation model of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells to explore whether RPP exerts inhibitory capacity was similar to the capacity of NO production
Summary
Excess production of free radicals is one of many significant causes of oxidative damage in biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and DNA, and eventually leads to numerous degenerative diseases [1]. DNA damage is common in all living cells. It is mainly caused by the interaction of DNA with free radicals, and it is important in the processes of quite a few diseases [2]. Albishi et al [4] showed that a considerable amount of hydroxyl radicals were generated by Fenton’s reagent, which were solely responsible for DNA damage and resulted in the absence. Metal chelating and hydroxyl radical scavenging play important roles in protection against DNA damage
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