Abstract
Nanoparticles based on metal and metallic oxide have become a novel trend for dental use as they interfere with bacterial metabolism and prevent biofilm formation. Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles demonstrate significant antimicrobial activity by metal ion release, oxidative stress induction and non-oxidative mechanisms. Silver, zinc, titanium, copper, and magnesium ions have been used to develop metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. In addition, fluoride has been used to functionalise the metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. The fluoride-functionalised nanoparticles show fluoride-releasing properties that enhance apatite formation, promote remineralisation, and inhibit demineralisation of enamel and dentine. The particles’ nanoscopic size increases their surface-to-volume ratio and bioavailability. The increased surface area facilitates their mechanical bond with tooth tissue. Therefore, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have been incorporated in dental materials to strengthen the mechanical properties of the materials and to prevent caries development. Another advantage of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles is their easily scalable production. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the use of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in caries prevention. The study reviews their effects on dental materials regarding antibacterial, remineralising, aesthetic, and mechanical properties.
Highlights
Mihai Grumezescu and Dental decay, or caries, is a prevalent chronic disease that depends on multiple etiologic factors such as cariogenic microbes, host or tooth surface, substrate, and time. it is the hardest substance of human tissue, enamel can dissolve in acids
Current research outlines that metallic nanoparticles can inhibit dental caries by re‐
This review presents an overview of restorative dentistry, endodontics, implantology, prosthetic dentistry, oral cancers, and the development of metallic nanoparticles in prevention of dental caries
Summary
Mihai Grumezescu and Dental decay, or caries, is a prevalent chronic disease that depends on multiple etiologic factors such as cariogenic microbes, host or tooth surface, substrate, and time. This review presents an overview of restorative dentistry, endodontics, implantology, prosthetic dentistry, oral cancers, and the development of metallic nanoparticles in prevention of dental caries. Current research outlines that metallic nanoparticles can inhibit dental caries by reducing biofilm formation and remineralising carious lesion (Figure 1b) [13,14]. Silver nanoparticles incorporated in dental materials have been antimicrobial studied alongside cannanoparticles be used for caries prevention [16]. Silver nanoparticles incorporated into a poly(methyl methacrylate) or acrylic baseplate of a dental appliance can inhibit the planktonic growth and biofilm formation of cariogenic bacteria with desirable biocompatibility and mechanical properties [25,26]. Silver nanoparticles in quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate reduced biofilm viability, metabolic activity, and acid production of cariogenic bacteria to prevent caries [30]. An in vivo study suggested that the fluoride varnish added with silver nanoparticles is effective in dental remineralisation [39]
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