Abstract
This study reported the application of a next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of yeast diversity in native Indonesian fruit, Durio kutejensis, collected from Borneo, Central Kalimantan. The analysis was designed to observe the microbial consortium associated with solid state fermentation (SSF) for amylase production. Together with the additional data from culture-dependent analysis, we observed the morphological features, molecular characteristics, and amylase concentration produced by each isolate. We performed Solid State Fermentation (SSF) for amylase production and the enzyme activity was then determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 540 nm. Result obtained from metagenomic approach consist of 4 group that fungal species included in the Ascomycota identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea (1.35%), Lasiodiplodia crassispora (17.62%), Aureobasidium pullulans (55.02%), Paraphoma chrysanthemicola (11.38%), Preussia funiculate (1.90%), Sporormiella intermedia (0.82%), Myrothecium gramineum (1.35%), Fusarium oxysporum (6.24%), Fusarium proliferatum (3.25%) and Phialemoniopsis curvata (1.08%). The results of isolation using culturable medium in the form of YMA obtained 40 yeast isolates. A total of 40 representative isolates from durian fruit were screened, two positive amylase isolates based on clear zones formed were DU 4.2 (Candida sorboxylosa) and DU4.22 (Cyberlindnera fabianii) isolates with amylolytic index of DU 4.2 isolates at 0.24 and DU 4.22 at 0.72 with an incubation time of 48 h. The highest amylase enzyme activity was found in isolate DU 4.2 of 31.21 U / mL.
Highlights
IntroductionDurian is a tropical fruit native to Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia, regarded as the “King of Fruits” due to its distinctive (large, covered by spines) shape and rich flavor
Durian is a tropical fruit native to Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia, regarded as the “King of Fruits” due to its distinctive shape and rich flavor
Metagenomic analysis result showed that yeast isolated from Lai durian (Durio kutejensis) collected from Bukit Sawit Village in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia was associated with Ascomycota phylum, consisting of 10 species including Botryosphaeria dothidea (0.008%, 1.35%), Lasiodiplodia crassispora (0.106%, 17.62%); Aureobasidium pullulans (0.331%, 55.02%), Paraphoma chrysanthemicola (0.068%, 11.38%), Preussia funiculate (0.011%, 1.90%), Sporormiella intermedia (0.005%, 0.82%), Myrothecium gramineum (0.008%, 1.35%), Fusarium oxysporum (0.037%, 6.24%), Fusarium proliferatum (0.019%, 3.25%), and Phialemoniopsis curvata (0.006%, 1.08%)
Summary
Durian is a tropical fruit native to Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia, regarded as the “King of Fruits” due to its distinctive (large, covered by spines) shape and rich flavor. Kostermans[1] and David[2] have recorded 27 species of durian, with the total of 19 species are found in Kalimantan, Indonesia and 11species in Malacca Peninsula, 7 species in Sumatra and 1 species in Myanmar. Only 7 species are edible for human, which are Durio zibethinus (durian), Durio kutejensis (lai), Durio oxleyanus (kerantongan), Durio dulcis (lahong), Durio graveolens (labelak), Durio grandiflorus (durian monkey), and Durio testinarium (turtle durian)[3,4]. One of Indonesia’s original fruits from East Kalimantan is Lai Durian (Durio kutejensis)[5] which has drier pulp, yellow-orange with distinctive aroma (not like durian) and less pungent[6].
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