Abstract
El Chichón volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in Mexico. Previous studies have described its poly-extreme conditions and its bacterial composition, although the functional features of the complete microbiome have not been characterized yet. By using metabarcoding analysis, metagenomics, metabolomics and enzymology techniques, the microbiome of the crater lake was characterized in this study. New information is provided on the taxonomic and functional diversity of the representative Archaea phyla, Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota, as well as those that are representative of Bacteria, Thermotogales and Aquificae. With culture of microbial consortia and with the genetic information collected from the natural environment sampling, metabolic interactions were identified between prokaryotes, which can withstand multiple extreme conditions. The existence of a close relationship between the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and sulfur in an active volcano has been proposed, while the relationship in the energy metabolism of thermoacidophilic bacteria and archaea in this multi-extreme environment was biochemically revealed for the first time. These findings contribute towards understanding microbial metabolism under extreme conditions, and provide potential knowledge pertaining to "microbial dark matter", which can be applied to biotechnological processes and evolutionary studies.
Highlights
El Chichón volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in Mexico
This is the case of the active volcano El Chichón (17.36 ° N, 93.23 ° W; 1100 m above mean sea level, MAMSL) which is a geothermal system located in the northwest of the State of Chiapas, Mexico with a crater-lake formed after the last eruptive process in 1982
This study provides new insights regarding the geobiochemical role of volcanic microorganisms
Summary
The physicochemical environmental parameters have been previously described [6]. The samples were collected on November 8th 2018 from El Chichón crater-lake, Chiapas, México. The first stage of cultivation was carried out in situ the crater of the volcano and was started with the addition of approximately 50 mL of water column of the volcanic lake collected in various sections of the crater lake at different temperatures (30, 35, 40, 45 and 82 ° C) injected using sterile syringes in sealed 100 mL bottles containing 10 mL of Lab-lake medium These samples were kept at 60-70 ° C during their transport to the National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City, which took 72 hours. Venn diagram and metagenomic analysis were performed with Rstudio software[43]
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