Metagenomic Analysis of Dental Plaque on Pit and Fissure Sites With and Without Caries Among Adolescents.

Liangyue Pang,Yun Ye,Yan Zhou,Yinuo Wang,Qinghui Zhi,Huancai Lin

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.740981

Liangyue Pang, Yun Ye + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.740981

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Abstract

Caries is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide and is driven by the dysbiosis of dental biofilms adhering to tooth surfaces. The pits and fissured surfaces are the most susceptible sites of caries. However, information on the taxonomic composition and functional characteristics of the plaque microbiota in the pit and fissure sites is very limited. This study aimed to use metagenomic sequencing analyses to investigate the relationship between the plaque microbiome in the pit and fissure site and caries in adolescents. A total of 20 adolescents with active pit and fissure surface caries were involved as well as 20 age-matched, caries-free teenagers for control tests. Plaque samples were collected from the pit and fissure site and were subjected to metagenomic analyses, in which the microbial communities were investigated. Our results showed that the microbiota diversity was similar between those two groups. At the species level, the relative abundances of A. gerencseriae, P. acidifaciens, P. multisaccharivorax, S. oralis, S. mutans, and P. denticolens were higher in the caries-active group. N. elongata, C. hominis, and A. johnsonii were relatively more abundant in the caries-free groups. Functional analysis suggested that the metabolic pathway was the most abundant pathway, and the functional traits of the level 2 pathways included amino acid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors, and vitamins and carbohydrate metabolism. Our results also revealed that the caries group displayed several alterations in metabolic pathways, including enriched functions in carbohydrate digestion and absorption. This study suggested that in addition to the specific anatomical structures of the pit and fissured surfaces, the fundamental differences in the plaque microbiome may also be related to the susceptibility of pit and fissure caries.

Highlights

As an infectious and chronic disease, dental caries is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world
Dental caries is caused by dysbiosis of the plaque biofilm adherent to the tooth surface that creates an acidic microenvironment under excessive exposure to dietary carbohydrates that demineralizes the enamel, leading to permanent damage to the tooth (Pitts et al, 2017)
Our findings suggested that in addition to the specific anatomical structures of the pit and fissured surfaces, the significant differences in the plaque microbiome ecology contribute to the susceptibility of pit and fissure caries

Summary

Introduction

As an infectious and chronic disease, dental caries is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world. Progressing caries may lead to pulpitis and cause severe pain (Selwitz et al, 2007), which influences. Dental caries is caused by dysbiosis of the plaque biofilm adherent to the tooth surface that creates an acidic microenvironment under excessive exposure to dietary carbohydrates that demineralizes the enamel, leading to permanent damage to the tooth (Pitts et al, 2017). It is understood that caries is caused by dysbiosis of the microbiota that colonizes tooth surfaces, and most of them are aciduric and acidophilic bacteria (Nyvad et al, 2013)

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