Abstract
This research intends to clarify the forms of metaphors, conceptual meaning, and image scheme that appear in the five English short stories named The Short Story online platform by applying cognitive semantics. This is a descriptive qualitative research. The whole result of this research is illustrated by words. The theory used in analyzing the metaphors is from Saeed (2009). Besides, the theory for investigating the scheme is from Cruse and Croft (2004). The result of this research is 12 metaphors that have been classified based on their categories. First, five data of conventional metaphors with conceptual meaning such as life choice, darkness, noise, nervousness, and old. Second, four data of systematic metaphors with conceptual meaning such as fearness, compulsion, fire, and waving. Third, two data of asymmetric metaphors with conceptual meaning such as preparation and persistence. The last, one data of abstraction metaphor with conceptual meaning that is hard working. Those data have 4 image schemes, such as force (restraint, compulsion, and counterforce), existence (space, process, object), identity (matching), and unity/multiplicity (merging).
Highlights
This research intends to clarify the forms of metaphors
image scheme that appear in the five English short stories named The Short Story online platform by applying cognitive semantics
The whole result of this research is illustrated by words
Summary
The Short Story dengan menggunakan kajian semantik kognitif. Kajian ini digunakan karena fokusnya ada pada mengulas makna atau konsep dalam linguistik, salah satunya adalah metafora. 1. Metafora struktural memindahkan konsep berdasarkan korelasi sistematis dari pengalaman hidup sehari-hari. Terdapat hubungan antara substansi (substances) dan wadah (container) yang berupa luas lahan (land areas), bidang visual (the visual field), peristiwa, tindakan, aktivitas, atau keadaan (events, actions, activities, and states). Adapun empat ciri dari metafora konseptual antara lain; 1) menyamakan dua ranah konsep (ranah sumber ’source domain’ dan ranah sasaran ‘target domain’), 2) pemetaan atau penyamaan antar ranah berdasarkan kesesuaian antar kedua ranah, 3) persesuaian berupa korelasi atau keterkaitan antara aspek dan ciri dalam kedua ranah di tingkat konseptual dan pemikiran, dan 4) pemetaan yang berakar pada pengetahuan akan kebudayaan, bahasa, pengalaman sehari-hari, dan aktivitas fisik (Haula & Nur, 2018). Skema citra merupakan struktur konseptual yang berperan penting penting dalam semantik kognitif (Saeed, 2009). Menurut Cruse dan Croft (2004), setidaknya terdapat 7 kategori dari skema citra, yakni space, scale, container, force, unity/multiplicity, identity, dan existence yang pembagiannya dapat dilihat pada tabel 1
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